Health complaints: sleep difficulties, while explored individually here, is part of the broader ‘Multiple health complaints’ measure. Understanding sleep difficulties in adolescence is pivotal, given the critical importance of sleep in physical and cognitive development. Insights into sleep disturbances, patterns, and quality can indicate various stressors – academic, social, or psychological, prompting the need for frameworks that promote better sleep hygiene, schedules, and a conducive sleeping environment, enhancing overall health and well-being.